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Initially published 2013, updated January 2020 Carrying epinephrine on day and overnight trips has become common practice for outdoor programs with staff trained in Wilderness First Aid (WFA) or Wilderness First Responder (WFR), or who have participated in an epinephrine training. Due to the seriousness of anaphylaxis, schools and other front country organizations are also likely to have staff trained in epinephrine administration. Additionally, it is common for individuals with known allergies to carry a personal prescription of epinephrine. Over the past several years a variety of manufacturers have produced epinephrine auto-injectors. It is important for individuals trained and responsible for the use epinephrine to be familiar with the variety of epinephrine auto-injectors. In addition, prescriptions other than epinephrine are also beginning to be placed in similar auto-injecting devices. Prior to use of any medication; confirm the type of medication, who it is prescribed to, and that it is within the expiration date. Dosage Most epinephrine auto-injectors are available in two dosages; 0.15 mg dose for individuals 33-66 pounds and 0.30mg for individuals above 66 pounds. The Auvi-Q has a third dosage size option that supports administration to infants and toddlers weighing 16.5-33 lbs. Device Usage See manufacturer websites, your doctor, or your program’s medical director for specific and detailed instructions for each of the auto-injectors listed below. EpiPen and EpiPen Jr. The EpiPen adult dose is in a device with a yellow label and the EpiPen Jr (child) has a green label. EpiPen works by removing the carrying case, removing the blue “safety” cap, pressing the application end of the device into the lateral (outer) aspect of the mid-thigh until the device clicks, hold in place for ten seconds, and dispose of device in an appropriate location. Both the EpiPen and EpiPen Jr. are designed to administer only one dose of epinephrine. Watch the EpiPen training video (leaves the LWM website and opens a new webpage)
Adrenaclick Adrenaclick is administered similarly to the EpiPen. The additional step of removing the cap on the injection end of the device is needed to prepare for administration. The child dose has a purple colored carrying case and the adult dose has a black carrying case. Both child and adult devices administer one dose of epinephrine. Watch the Adrenaclick training video (leaves the LWM website and opens a new webpage)  Auvi-Q Auvi-Q was recalled in 2015, but has since returned to the US market. Auvi-Q (Allerject in Canada) is a smaller pocket sized device. The device provides audio prompts to assist in administration of medication. The prompts work in the same way an AED provides direction for usage. The red packaged Auvi-Q is the adult dose, blue packaging indicates the dose for children weighing 33-66 lbs. and the purple package indicates a dose for infants and toddlers weighing 16.5-33 lbs.. The Auvi-Q is designed to administer a single dose of epinephrine. Watch the Auvi-Q training video (leaves the LWM website and opens a new webpage)
TwinJect (Discontinued March 30, 2012) The TwinJect injector holds two usable doses of epinephrine. The first dose is administered similarly to the Adrenaclick. The second dose is accessed by removing the red cap on the injection side of the auto-injector. After removal of the cap, a syringe (same needle as first dose) is accessible for the administration of the second dose. Due to the multiple components to the TwinJect, it is highly advisable for individuals who have exposure to the device receive training with TwinJect training tools.  Non-Epinephrine Auto Injectors Due to the ease of use, other medication (i.e., Alsuma, acute migraine medication) has been placed in auto-injectors. The device looks similar to epinephrine injectors and care needs to be taken to ensure medications are not confused at the time of administration. It has been suggested by members of the medical community that programs label non-epinephrine injectors as “NOT EPI” to provide fast identification during emergencies. This practice may reduce the potential of confusion or misadministration of medication by program staff. Storage Outdoor travel and recreation does not often support epinephrine's 68-77 degree F storage temperature range. Students participating in the LWM medical elective tested a variety of options for protecting temperature sensitive medications in environmentally dynamic environments. References
Gaudio F, Lemery J, Johnson D. Wilderness Medical Society roundtable report: recommendations on the use of epinephrine in outdoor education and wilderness settings. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 2010; 21:185-187. EpiPen (2020). Patient Information. Retrieved from EpiPen. website http://epipen.com Adrenaclick (2020). Patient Information. Retrieved from Adrenaclick. website https://www.adrenaclick.com/usage.php TwinJect (2013). Learn More About TwinJect. Retrieved from TwinJect. website http://twinject.com/auto-injector/learn-more.html TwinJect (2013). TwinJect Terms of Use. Retrieved from TwinJect. http://twinject.com/allergy-treatment-resources/notice-about-continued-availability.html Auvi-Q(2020). Patient Information. Retrieved from Auvi-Q. website http://www.auvi-q.com/media/pdf/Patient-Information.pdf Hawkins S, Weil C, Fitzpatrick D. Epinephrine Autoinjector Warning. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine.2012; 23:371-372.
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 EpiPen auto-injector In May 2016, the FDA released updated instructions for the usage of epinephrine auto injectors. The updates include shortening the length of time it takes to use the pen and highlight some of the potential risks associated with the use of auto injectors. Here is a condensed version of the recent changes as noted in the patient instructions for EpiPen and EpiPen Jr.:
1. Limit movement of the leg during injection This is especially important in children as they may jump or kick during the injection. Movement during the injection can cause bent or broken needles which may cause significant tissue damage and increase risk of infection. 2. Hold injection for 3 seconds Previous instructions for auto injectors have stated that the EpiPen must be held in position for 10 seconds in order to ensure the delivery of medication. Delivery of epinephrine does occur quickly due to the the force provided by the injection. Three seconds has been determined to be an adequate amount of time to hold the EpiPen in position, which may also significantly reduce the instance of injury as a result of bent or broken needles. 3. Potential of infection at injection site The updates also include information for patients to return to the hospital if signs of an infection present after injection. Although serious infection is not common, it is important to consider and to pay attention to the healing process at the injection site. The current recommendations add emphasis to only using the EpiPen on the lateral (outside) aspect of the thigh and not in the buttocks, intravenously, or in the hands and feet. Additional Epinephrine Auto Injector Information Revised May 2016 EpiPen and EpiPen Jr product information - Mylan Storage of Epinephrine in Remote Environments - LWM Identification of Epinephrine Auto Injectors - LWM Epinephrine: Medical & Ethical Necessity or Legal Nightmare - OutdoorEd.com |
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